From: Screening for cardiovascular disease risk factors beginning in childhood
Screening | NHLBI recommendations | USPSTF recommendations | U.K. National Screening committee |
---|---|---|---|
Elevated blood pressure | Annual blood pressure measurement in all children from age 3Â year; targeted measurement in infants with renal/urologic/cardiac diagnosis or history of neonatal intensive care before the age of 3Â year | Evidence insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for primary hypertension in asymptomatic children and adolescents to prevent subsequent cardiovascular disease in childhood or adulthood. | Systematic population screening not recommended |
Dyslipidemia/abnormal blood lipids | Universal lipid screening at age 9–11 year; measurement of non-fasting or fasting lipid profile; targeted screening according to family history or other high risk condition before the age of 9–11 year | Evidence insufficient to recommend for or against routine screening for lipid disorders in infants, children, adolescents, or young adults (up to age 20). | Systematic population screening not recommended |
Diabetes | Targeted screening at age 9–11 year following the American Diabetes Association guidelines, i.e., in overweight children and with two or more additional risk factors for diabetes [ADA 2014] | No specific recommendation for children or adolescents | No specific recommendation for children or adolescents |
Smoking | Assessment of tobacco use beginning at 9–11 year | Recommendation that primary care clinicians provide interventions, including education or brief counseling, to prevent initiation of tobacco use among school-aged children and adolescents. No recommendation to screen for tobacco use. | No specific recommendation for children or adolescents |