Table 1 General characteristics and main findings of studies addressing SRH in LAC mining contexts

Santos et al. (1995) [42]

Brazil, Pará (AR)

Gold

ASM/informal

Describe general health conditions in a (mining) community

General population

(n = 223)

Hep B prevalence = 85%. Syphilis prevalence = 41.6% (males, 33%; females, 9%); the highest among miners (48%) and sex workers (38%).

Souto et al. (1998) [45]

Brazil, Mato Grosso (AR)

Gold^a

Determine the prevalence and risk factors of Hep B virus among immigrants

General population

(n = 783)

Hep B prevalence = 54.7%. Significant association between HBV markers and having lived in a gold-mining camp.

Faas et al. (1999) [38]

Venezuela, Bolívar (AR)

Gold

Industrial and ASM/informal

Determine the prevalence of HIV/STDs and implement prevention workshops

General population

(survey, n = 2000; biological tests, n = 893)

HIV prevalence = 1%. Syphilis prevalence = 16.6%; highest among female sex workers (29.5%) and health care workers (21.7%). History of STDs = 19.6%.

González and Rodríguez-Acosta (2000) [36]

Venezuela, Bolívar (AR)

Gold^a

Determine the prevalence of STDs, among other health conditions

Attendants to a local health service (n = 166)

Prevalence of syphilis = 6%; gonorrhea = 4.8%; and HIV = 0%. History of STDs = 27.7%.

Souto et al. (2001) [44]

Brazil, Mato Grosso (AR)

Gold^a

Determine the prevalence and risk factors of Hep B and C (and HBV subtypes)

Population of mine camps (n = 520)

Prevalence of Hep B = 82.9% and Hep C = 2.1%. HBsAg positivity was significantly associated with previous STDs.

Palmer et al. (2002) [41]

Guyana (AR)

Gold

ASM^a

Determine the prevalence of HIV

Mineworkers—mostly males (n = 216)

HIV prevalence = 6.5%.

Seguy et al. (2008) [43]

Guyana, three regions (AR)

Gold and diamonds^a

Determine the prevalence of HIV and syphilis

Male mineworkers (n = 651)

Prevalence of HIV = 3.9% and syphilis = 6.4%. Knowledge on HIV = 75%, having had casual sex in the last year = 54%, and having had sex with sex workers = 14.8%. HIV was significantly associated with history of syphilis and not having used condom with last casual sex partner.

Miranda et al. (2009) [39]

Brazil, Pará (AR)

Gold

ASM^a

Describe the reproductive profile of and prevalence of STDs among women living in a former mining village

Women attending to a local health facility (n = 209)

Prevalence of HIV = 1.9%, gonorrhea = 2.4%, and HPV = 3.8%. History of previous STDs = 11%, having been involved in prostitution = 15.8%, domestic violence reported = 17.7%, having been raped = 10%, and having had an abortion = 29.2%.

Astete et al. (2010) [37]

Peru, Apurimac

Gold, silver, copper, iron Industrial/formal

(Pre-exploitation)

Determine the prevalence of infectious diseases, mental health, and environmental pollution in a community surrounding an upcoming mining project

General population

(n = 453)

No cases of HIV and Hep C or D. Prevalence of syphilis = 1.4% (similar to the national) and Hep B = 7.1% (lower than the national).

Orellana et al. (2013) [40]

Peru, three departments (AR)

Gold

ASM/informal

Examine structural factors related to the increased HIV/STD vulnerability among indigenous people

Indigenous population

(40 in-depth interviews; nine focus groups, n = 98)

Complex interactions between structural factors characterize Amazon rivers in Peru as risk environments for the HIV/STDs spread among indigenous communities.

Castro-Arroyave et al. (2016) [46]

Colombia, Antioquia

Gold

Informal^a

Implement a CBPR intervention of HIV prevention and measure the prevalence of HIV

Community leaders (n = 10); general population (n = 277; survey and HIV tests, n = 183)

No cases of HIV. Prevalence of syphilis = 2.2%. Lack of knowledge, false beliefs, and stigma regarding HIV were identified. Participants increased their knowledge and changed perceptions about HIV issues.