Table 2 International organizations statements about carotid artery stenosis screening

Society for Vascular Surgery

“Carotid artery screening (CAS) is not recommended for asymptomatic patients at this time.” [21, 60]

European Society of Cardiology [61] and the European Stroke Society [62]

“Systematic carotid duplex screening is of limited value.” [61]

The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP) in Summary of “screening tests of unproven benefits” [63]

“It is no longer justifiable to screen for the presence of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis to select patients for carotid procedures. There is no current evidence of patient benefit. However, there is evidence of harms from screening, including significant procedural risk and cost” [63]

Australian Stroke Foundation [64]

“Carotid artery screening for stroke prevention is a highly controversial area and is not endorsed by national or international guidelines.” [64]

The Australian and New Zealand Society for Vascular Surgery [65]

“If you have had no strokes or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) the need for a scan is more controversial as the risk of stroke is low.” [65]