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Table 4 Studies included

From: Social determinants of maternal health: a scoping review of factors influencing maternal mortality and maternal health service use in India

Author(s)

Title

Study year

Indicator(s) included

Study area(s)

Source(s)

Alcock et al. [61]

Examining inequalities in uptake of maternal health care and choice of provider in underserved urban areas of Mumbai, India: a mixed methods study

2011–2013

Qualitative

Maharashtra—Mumbai two informal settings

PubMed

Allendorf [60]

The quality of family relationships and use of maternal health-care services in India

2010

Institutional delivery

Madhya Pradesh

PubMed

Allendorf [59]

Going nuclear? Family structure and young women’s Health in India, 1992-2006

2012

ANC1

India

Reference check

Bhanderi and Srinivasan [23]

Utilization of maternal health services and determinants of skilled care during delivery in slums of Gujarat, India

2015

Institutional delivery2

Gujarat—urban slum in Rajkot city

Google Scholar

Chattopadhyay [56]

Men in maternal care: evidence from India

2012

Institutional delivery

India, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, and Maharashtra

PubMed

Chauhan [47]

Antenatal care among currently married women in Rajasthan, India

2012

Full ANC3

Rajasthan

ScienceDirect

Das et al. [24]

Prospective study of determinants and costs of home births in Mumbai slums

2010

Home delivery

Mumbai—slums, six municipal wards

Reference check

Dikid et al. [48]

Maternal and perinatal death inquiry and response project implementation review in India

2009

Qualitative

Bihar, Rajasthan, and Orissa

PubMed

George A [62]

Persistence of high maternal mortality in Koppal District, Karnataka, India: observed service delivery constraints

2004

Qualitative

Karnataka—Koppal district

ScienceDirect

Godha et al. [58]

Association between child marriage and reproductive health outcomes and service utilization: a multi-country study from South Asia

2013

4 ANC, institutional delivery

India (and Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan)

Reference check

Goli et al. [40]

Pathways of economic inequalities in maternal and child health in Urban India: a decomposition analysis

2013

< 3 ANC, not an institutional delivery

India—urban

Google Scholar

Hazarika [39]

Women’s reproductive health in slum populations in India: evidence from NFHS-3

2009

3 ANC

India—eight cities, urban slums

Reference check

Iyengar et al. [30]

Pregnancy related deaths in rural Rajasthan, India: exploring causes, context, and care-seeking through verbal autopsy

2002–2003

Qualitative

Rajasthan—a block

Reference check

Jat et al. [41]

Factors affecting the use of maternal health services in Madhya Pradesh state of India: a multilevel analysis

2011

PNC4

Madhya Pradesh

Google Scholar

Jat et al. [50]

Socio-cultural and service delivery dimensions of maternal mortality in rural central India: a qualitative exploration using a human rights lens

2011

Qualitative

Madhya Pradesh—Khargone district

Reference check

Jayanthi et al. [42]

Primary health centres: preferred options for birthing care in Tamil Nadu, India, from users’ perspectives

2012

Qualitative

Tamil Nadu

Reference check

Jeffery P and Jeffery R [31]

Only when the boat has started sinking: A maternal death in rural north India

2002–2005

Qualitative

Uttar Pradesh—Muslim village in rural Bijnor district

ScienceDirect

Jihesh and Sundari Ravindran [32]

Social and health system factors contributing to maternal deaths in a less developed district of Kerala, India

2010–2011

Qualitative

Kerala—Wayanad district

Google Scholar

Koski et al. [54]

Physical violence by partner during pregnancy and use of prenatal care in rural India

2011

At least 3 ANC

India—rural

Reference check

Kumar and Mohanty 2011

Intra-urban differentials in the utilization of reproductive healthcare in India, 1992-2006

2011

ANC3

India—urban

Reference check

Mahapatro [52]

Equity in utilization of health care services: perspective of pregnant women in southern Odisha, India

2011–2012

Qualitative

Odisha—Gajam

PubMed

Mahapatro [33]

Utilization of maternal and child health care services in India: does women's autonomy matter?

2012

Full ANC3

India

Reference check

Nair et al. [34]

What influences the decision to undergo institutional delivery by skilled birth attendants? A cohort study in rural Andhra Pradesh, India

2012

Institutional delivery5

Andhra Pradesh—rural

PubMed

Pathak et al. [6]

Economic inequalities in maternal health care: prenatal care and skilled birth attendance in India, 1992-2006

1992–2006

ANC6

India, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu

Google Scholar

Paudel et al. [55]

Determinants of postnatal maternity care service utilization in rural Belgaum of Karnataka, India: A community based cross-sectional study

2014

PNC services

Karnataka—rural Belgaum Taluka

Google Scholar

Prakash R & Kumar A, [49]

Urban poverty and utilization of maternal and child health care services in India

2013

ANC7

India—urban, eight EAG11, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu

Reference check

Ram and Singh [25]

Is antenatal care effective in improving maternal health in rural Uttar Pradesh? Evidence from a District Level Household Survey

2006

Institutional delivery

Uttar Pradesh—rural

Reference check

Roy et al. [26]

Determinants of utilization of antenatal care services in Rural Lucknow, India

2013

3 ANC

Uttar Pradesh—Lucknow district

Google Scholar

Sahoo et al. [53]

Do socio-demographic factors still predict the choice of place of delivery: a cross-sectional study in rural North India

2015

Home delivery

Delhi—two villages

ScienceDirect

Saxena et al. [35]

Inequity in maternal health care service utilization in Gujarat: analyses of district-level health survey data

2013

3 ANC, institutional delivery

Gujarat

PubMed

Singh et al. [27]

Assessing the utilization of maternal and child health care among married adolescent women: evidence from India

2012

Full ANC3

India—adolescent

PubMed

Singh et al. [28]

Determinants of maternity care services utilization among married adolescents in rural India

2012

Full ANC3

India—rural, adolescent

PubMed

Singh et al. [43]

The consequences of unintended pregnancy for maternal and child health in rural India: evidence from prospective data

2013

Use of ANC6

Bihar, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu

Reference check

Singh et al. [29]

Factors associated with maternal healthcare services utilization in nine high focus states in India: a multilevel analysis based on 14 385 communities in 292 districts

2013

4 ANC, PNC8

9 states

PubMed

Singh et al. [44]

Utilization of maternal health care among adolescent mothers in urban India: evidence from DLHS-3

2014

Full ANC3, PNC9

India—urban, adolescent

Reference check

Singh et al. [45]

Factors influencing antenatal care services utilization in Empowered Action Group (EAG) States, India: a spatial and multilevel analysis

2015

Full ANC3

India—eight EAG states

Google Scholar

Subha Sri et al. [27]

An investigation of maternal deaths following public protests in a tribal district of Madhya Pradesh, central India

2010

Qualitative

Madhya Pradesh—Barwani district

ScienceDirect

Tey and Lai [36]

Correlates of barriers to the utilization of health services for delivery in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa

2013

Institutional delivery10

India—and Bangladesh, Pakistan, Kenya, Nigeria, and Tanzania

Reference check

Viegas Andrade et al. [38]

Antenatal care use in Brazil and India: scale, outreach and socioeconomic inequality

2012

> 4 ANC

India

PubMed, ScienceDirect

Vijayshree et al. [63]

“She was referred from one hospital to another”: evidence on emergency obstetric care in Karnataka, India

2011

Qualitative

Karnataka

Reference check

Yadav and Kesarwani [46]

Effect of individual and community factors on maternal health care service use in India: a multilevel approach

2015

Full ANC3, PNC4

India

Google Scholar

  1. 1> 3 ANC visits, beginning in the first trimester of pregnancy
  2. 2Referred to as skilled delivery care in this study
  3. 3At least 3 ANC, at least 2 TT during pregnancy or 1 TT during pregnancy, and 1 during 3 years prior to the pregnancy received iron and folic acid tablets for at least 90 days
  4. 4At least one check-up by health professionals within 2 weeks of delivery
  5. 5Referred to as institutional delivery conducted by SBA in this study
  6. 6ANC visit in the first trimester and > 4 ANC visits
  7. 7> 3 ANC, at least two TT, and had received IFA
  8. 8Within 2 days after delivery
  9. 9Within 42 days after delivery
  10. 10Referred to as using health facility for delivery in this study
  11. 11Enabled Action Group