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The alcohol and other drug (AOD) problems arena is extending its organizing center from knowledge drawn from the study of addiction-related pathologies and clinical and social interventions to knowledge drawn ...
The main target of alcohol and other drug self-administration is the brain. For this reason understanding of brain mechanisms (i.e., neuroscience research) may offer important insights for creating effective p...
New scientific knowledge and effective, evidence-based interventions have provided health leaders and policymakers a remarkable paradigm to guide the development of addiction treatment services around the worl...
Brazil is one of the largest countries in the world, and is home to significant demographic, social and cultural diversity, as well as intense regional inequality. The country has successfully tackled many of ...
Brain imaging and genetic studies over the past two decades suggest that substance use disorders are best considered chronic illnesses. The passing of the Affordable Care Act in the United States has set the o...
Health will continue to gather strength as a global public domain if it links itself strategically with other transnational agendas and strengthens its political ability to produce global public goods for heal...
Since the late 1970s, the federal Healthy People Initiative has been a visible component of the United States’ approach to improving population health. In each decade, a new version of Healthy People is issued...
The European Union has gradually developed a consistent and integrated policy framework to respond to common challenges in the field of health that combines legislation, cooperation and financing: the EU Healt...
Israel’s health system evolved over the past century and achieved universal coverage in 1995. Health status indicators have improved dramatically over the past decades and are now generally excellent compared ...
This article examines health target-setting in 12 former Soviet countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. We ...
Mental and behavioral disorders account for approximately 7.4 percent of the global burden of disease and represent the leading cause of disability worldwide. Intricately connected to educational achievement, ...
Public health services and systems research (PHSSR) is the American designation for a field that uses a number of research disciplines and perspectives to examine the organization of public health systems, how...
The impact of the economic crisis on health through its social determinants has the greatest effect on disadvantaged, low income households as they are more vulnerable to falls in income and are more likely to...
The 2007 global economic recession was the most severe recession since the Great Depression of the 1930s in terms of declines in unemployment, labor force participation and gross domestic product in the United...
The rising burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) challenges the public health sector to develop, support and implement effective interventions to reduce this global epidemic. The United Nations has respon...
Climate change presents a significant challenge to global health. This paper examines the health impacts of climate change from extreme weather events, temperature changes, rising sea levels and changes in pre...
Social media are designed to be engaging, but often are used as a mechanism by public health organizations and practitioners for mass information dissemination rather than engaging audiences in true multi-way ...
Introduction: Public health and primary care are often conceived as two entities providing complementary services within the health system. This scoping review aims to better understand how the two sectors inter...
Ribosomes are responsible for translating genetic code into protein and thus central components of cell life. Knowledge of their structure provided important potential applications in and understanding of the ...
Data derived from the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Mental Health Atlas Project 2011 are presented. These data provide the latest estimates on available resources for the treatment and prevention of neurop...
The World Mental Health Survey Consortium, a World Health Organization and Harvard University collaboration, totaling 28 countries participated in a uniform randomized general population survey, making use of ...
Introduction: For decades, the image of mental health in Soviet countries has been associated with past political abuses in psychiatry, stigmatising attitudes and discriminating practices against people with any...
Mental health is a state of wellbeing in which a person can use his or her own abilities and cope with the normal stresses of life. Mental health has a central place in global public health and public health i...
Anxiety and mood disorders are common in the general population in countries around the world. This article provides a review of the recent literature on anxiety and depressive disorders with a focus on linkag...
The epidemiology of schizophrenia in developing countries, and especially in Africa, is controversial. One of the major findings of the World Health Organization multisite studies of schizophrenia conducted du...
Suicidal behavior is a major public health problem. As it has for decades, suicide remains one of the leading causes of death in the western world. This paper reviews the literature and the latest developments...
Adolescence is a vulnerable developmental stage where significant changes occur in a youth’s body, brain, environment and socialization, which may increase vulnerability to substance use, development of addict...
Although persons with schizophrenia (PWS) are entitled to health care and medical preventive and curative treatments in accordance with the same standards as other persons, they suffer from excess mortality co...
Mental illness stigma occurs when individuals are devalued or treated unfairly by others because of their mental health condition. The stigmatization of people with mental illnesses has been recognized by inte...
Mental disorders are highly prevalent in Latin American countries and exact a serious emotional toll, yet investment in public mental health remains insufficient. Most countries of the region have developed na...
To achieve the basic human right of autonomy, individuals, including those with intellectual disabilities (ID), must be able to practice decision-making, that is, to make their own decisions and communicate th...
Persons with mental illness (PWMI) are often not afforded the same opportunity to make decisions on a par with others in society. Article 12 of the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabi...
Aging is a global phenomenon that is accompanied by an increase in the number of persons with non-communicable diseases including dementia. Since this development requires public health attention to meet the n...
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are estimated to occur among about one percent of children in the United States. This estimate is in line with estimates from other industrialized countries. However, the ident...
This issue of Public Health Reviews is dedicated to exploring the origins of the modern dialogue on public health ethics, which are based on historic religious and humanistic origins and long held medical and pub...
In the early years of the AIDS pandemic, one of the major ethical considerations facing frontline AIDS medical researchers was the issue of patient accessibility to clinical trials. This issue loomed large bec...
When we consider the literature that has been produced exploring approaches to public health ethics, it is rare to find any mention of solidarity. One obvious conclusion is that solidarity is a meaningless or ...
The ethics and scientific integrity of biomedical and public health research requires that researchers behave in appropriate ways. However, this requires more than following of published research guidelines th...
Fluoridation of community drinking water for prevention of dental caries commenced in the United States in 1945 and has become one of the major achievements of public health according to the US Center for Dise...
Background: Disregard of Hippocratic medical ethics by major leaders in the Public Health establishment and the leadership role played by physicians during the Nazi era in Germany (1933–1945) pose continuing cha...
Health promotion ethics is moral deliberation about health promotion and its practice. Although academics and practitioners have been writing about ethics, and especially values, in health promotion for decade...
Public health ethics is gaining recognition as a vital topic for public health education. The subject was highlighted in a Delphi survey of future priorities of member schools of The Association of Schools of ...
Background: Research ethics review practices vary considerably across countries and this variability poses a challenge for international research programmes. Although published guidelines exist, which describe u...
Publication in peer-reviewed journals is a key part of advancement in science and a vital part of development of the scientific basis for public health practice. The process of publication should promote rigor...
Bioethics is often thought of as having been “born in scandal and raised in protectionism.” Less often acknowledged is that bioethics has been so nourished by melodramatic frames that the effort to provide a d...
Vaccinations are one of public health’s greatest achievements. However, an ethical dilemma lies in the balance of personal autonomy and choice versus protection of the entire at risk population. Vaccines have ...