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  1. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) contributes greatly to inequalities in health in Europe. The CVD death rate in Ukraine (the highest) is seven fold higher than in France (the lowest). There is also a striking diff...

    Authors: Andrzej Pająk and Magdalena Kozela
    Citation: Public Health Reviews 2011 33:BF03391644
  2. In the United States in 1948, the newly formed National Heart Institute (NHI) responded to what its data showed as a rising tide of coronary heart disease (CHD) by underwriting new approaches to the elucidatio...

    Authors: Gerald M. Oppenheimer, Henry Blackburn and Pekka Puska
    Citation: Public Health Reviews 2011 33:BF03391646
  3. Built environments that support walking and other physical activities have the potential to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD). Walkable neighborhoods—characterized by density, land use diversity, and well-co...

    Authors: Gina S. Lovasi, Stephanie Grady and Andrew Rundle
    Citation: Public Health Reviews 2011 33:BF03391647
  4. Mediterranean-type diet patterns are consistently associated with reduced risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer in the general population. In contrast, several randomized controlled trials (RCT...

    Authors: David R. Jacobs, Linda C. Tapsell and Norman J. Temple
    Citation: Public Health Reviews 2011 33:BF03391648
  5. We present a narrative review of the literature linking dietary salt intake with cardiovascular health outcomes in humans and list the tools and strategies to reduce salt intake at the population level. There ...

    Authors: Murielle Bochud, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Michel Burnier and Fred Paccaud
    Citation: Public Health Reviews 2011 33:BF03391649
  6. On current consumption patterns, about 400 million adults worldwide will be killed by smoking between 2010 and 2050. Most of these deaths will occur among smokers currently alive. At least half will die at age...

    Authors: Prabhat Jha
    Citation: Public Health Reviews 2011 33:BF03391651
  7. Social determinants of health can be understood as the social conditions in which individuals live and work; conditions that are shaped by the distribution of power, income and resources, as much on a global a...

    Authors: Thierry Lang, Benoit Lepage, Anne-Cécile Schieber, Sébastien Lamy and Michelle Kelly-Irving
    Citation: Public Health Reviews 2011 33:BF03391652
  8. The European Agency for Accreditation in Public Health Education (APHEA) was launched in 2011. This followed nearly two decades of efforts in a variety of programmes supported by international donor agencies, ...

    Authors: Robert Otok, Ilana Levin, Stojgniew Sitko and Antoine Flahault
    Citation: Public Health Reviews 2011 33:BF03391619
  9. It was against a background of no formal career path for public health officers that, in 1915, the seminal Welch-Rose Report1 outlined a system of public health education for the United States. The first schools ...

    Authors: Linda Rosenstock, Karen Helsing and Barbara K. Rimer
    Citation: Public Health Reviews 2011 33:BF03391620
  10. The purpose of this article is to discuss some of the current challenges faced by European schools of public health. Perhaps most remarkable on the continent is the diversity, the magnitude, and the rapidity o...

    Authors: Fred Paccaud, Alison Weihofen and Sandra Nocera
    Citation: Public Health Reviews 2011 33:BF03391621
  11. The relative risk of premature mortality of the population in Central and Eastern European (CEE) and Central Asian Republic (CAR) countries is more than twice as high (and up to four times higher for post-Sovi...

    Authors: Róza Ádany, Anita Villerusa, Jovanka Bislimovska and Maksut Kulzhanov
    Citation: Public Health Reviews 2011 33:BF03391623
  12. The international non-governmental community has played a major role in developing schools of public health and continues to do so. Nearly a century ago, seminal investments of the Rockefeller Foundation playe...

    Authors: Judith W. Overall and Julien Goodman
    Citation: Public Health Reviews 2011 33:BF03391626
  13. The strengthening of health systems is becoming increasingly recognized as necessary for the achievement of many objectives promoted or supported by global public health initiatives. Key within the effort to s...

    Authors: Dana Schneider, Michele Evering-Watley, Henry Walke and Peter B. Bloland
    Citation: Public Health Reviews 2011 33:BF03391627
  14. Public health education in China and India has a long history that has been both deeply responsive to the unique needs and medical traditions of each country, and sensitive to global influences. The history of...

    Authors: Shrikant I. Bangdiwala, Joseph D. Tucker, Sanjay Zodpey, Sian M. Griffiths, Li-Ming Li, K. Srinath Reddy, Myron S. Cohen, Miriam Gross, Kavya Sharma and Jin-Ling Tang
    Citation: Public Health Reviews 2011 33:BF03391628
  15. The last century of innovative public health discoveries has led most of the world’s population to lead longer, healthier lives. Yet, the future holds some of the greatest public health challenges in mankind’s...

    Authors: Roberta B. Ness
    Citation: Public Health Reviews 2011 33:BF03391629
  16. The goal and responsibility of graduate institutions of public health is to educate and train the public health workforce to address the challenges of Health for All in the 21st century and meet the Millennium...

    Authors: Yehuda Neumark, Orly Manor and Elliot M. Berry
    Citation: Public Health Reviews 2011 33:BF03391631
  17. In Canada, in the last few years, there has been a very rapid expansion of programs and schools of public health in response to several crises or emergency situations. Provincial and national investigations co...

    Authors: Richard Massé and Brent Moloughney
    Citation: Public Health Reviews 2011 33:BF03391633
  18. Maastricht University developed a new Bachelor programme in European Public Health in order to meet the challenges apparent in both the domain of public health as well as in the European higher education area....

    Authors: Tom Kuiper, André Meijer and Jos Moust
    Citation: Public Health Reviews 2011 33:BF03391635
  19. Public health education in Bulgaria has developed strong traditions since the introduction of medical education in the country at the beginning of the 20th century. In the periods before and during the socialist ...

    Authors: Stoyanka Popova, Lora Georgieva and Yordanka Koleva
    Citation: Public Health Reviews 2011 33:BF03391637
  20. Background: Debate on policy challenges associated with the health of older populations in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has intensified in recent years, centering on a concern about older persons’ vulnerability to i...

    Authors: Isabella Aboderin
    Citation: Public Health Reviews 2010 32:BF03391607
  21. Apocalyptic views on the social, economic and health consequences of aging abound. This review examines the potential upside of aging, in particular from a public health perspective. First, we review the evide...

    Authors: Marc Suhrcke, Elena Fumagalli and Ruth Hancock
    Citation: Public Health Reviews 2010 32:BF03391608
  22. Physical activity has been identified as one of three key health behaviors impacting the major chronic diseases of aging that are increasingly responsible for a substantial proportion of global mortality. Alth...

    Authors: Abby C. King and Diane K. King
    Citation: Public Health Reviews 2010 32:BF03391609
  23. Chronic diseases often determine pathologic phenotypes similar to those traditionally attributed to aging, such as accelerated decline of muscle mass and increments of basic metabolic rate, suggesting that the...

    Authors: Luigi Ferrucci, Charles Hesdorffer, Stefania Bandinelli and Eleanor M. Simonsick
    Citation: Public Health Reviews 2010 32:BF03391612
  24. The role of the family in the health of its members is critical from birth to death. This review focuses on the aging family, recognizing that the family is one of the earliest and longest lasting contexts inf...

    Authors: Toni C. Antonucci and Kristin M. Wong
    Citation: Public Health Reviews 2010 32:BF03391614
  25. Background: Many people now want or need to work longer due to increased life expectancy. In some countries statutory retirement ages deny older people free access to the labour market. It has been hypothesised ...

    Authors: Will Maimaris, Helen Hogan and Karen Lock
    Citation: Public Health Reviews 2010 32:BF03391615
  26. Most public health journals focus on new scientific articles. Public Health Reviews was established to provide reviews of important topics in public health in order to assist in translation of science into pra...

    Authors: Antoine Flahault and Linda Fried
    Citation: Public Health Reviews 2010 32:BF03391590