Table 1 the development stages of contemporary higher education and public health education in China [16, 17]
From: History and status quo of higher public health education in China
Stage | Time | Characteristics | Purpose of higher education reform | Public health education |
|---|---|---|---|---|
First (the formative period) | 1949–1956 | Expansion and recovery | To meet the needs of national construction and social needs | Imitation of the Soviet model: 1950, the first session on national health; 1953, the 167th meeting of the State Council; 1954, the first national conference on higher medical education |
1957–1966 | Expansion | The leap-forward development based on the great leap forward | Deviation from the Soviet model: 1959, national conference for the exchange of teaching experience; 1961, work regulations about colleges and universities directly under the Ministry of Education (draft) | |
1967–1976 | Shrinkage | The extreme political education development | The decade of unrest | |
Second (the development period) | 1977–1985 | Expansion | To resume the college entrance examination | Selective recovery and rectification period: 1977, opinions on the recruitment of colleges and universities and opinions on the recruitment of graduate students in colleges and universities; 1984, the first academic symposium on professional education in public health; 1985, the decision of the national central committee on the Reform of Education System; 1985, the Department of Hygiene was upgraded to school of public health. |
1986–1998 | Recovery and adjustment | The connotative development based on structural reform | The establishment of modern university system: 1988, National Conference on higher Medical Education; 1989, the found of Chinese association of public health education of Chinese Preventive Medical Association; 1993, doctoral students of public health were enrolled. | |
Third (the improvement period) | 1999–2005 | Expansion | The leap-forward development of college enrollment expansion | The big expansion: 2000, Reform and Development Compendium of Chinese Medical Education; 2002, Master of Public Health (MPH) enrollment |
2006 | Recovery and adjustment | The connotative development based on the improvement of quality | Meet the needs of health service and improve the quality: 2006, basic requirements of public health education; 2009, full-time MPH enrollment; 2009, National Medium- and Long-Term Program for Education Reform and Development; 2013, National Conference on Graduate Education Work; 2013, the establishment of the steering committee on public health and preventive medicine teaching in higher education |