Structural adjustment programmes of international financial institutions have typically set the fiscal parameters within which health policies operate in developing countries. Yet, we currently lack a systemat...
Authors: Michael Thomson, Alexander Kentikelenis and Thomas Stubbs
Birth defects are a major cause of mortality among children under five. In accordance with its mission, the March of Dimes Foundation is dedicated to reducing the toll of birth defects on children, families, a...
In this paper, we describe the development process of the first undergraduate public health baccalaureate program, in the Ashkelon Academic College in Israel. Expansion of degree-granting colleges in Israel is...
Authors: Osnat Bashkin and Theodore Herzl Tulchinsky
Food and nutrition insecurity continues to pose a serious global challenge, reflecting government shortcomings in meeting international obligations to ensure the availability, accessibility, and quality of foo...
There exists a profound disconnect and misunderstanding of the utility of human rights in the practice of medicine that demands urgent attention. The United Nations Special Rapporteur, Dainius Pūras, reflects ...
The history of residential schools has been identified as having long lasting and intergenerational effects on the physical and mental well-being of Indigenous populations in Canada. Our objective was to ident...
Authors: Piotr Wilk, Alana Maltby and Martin Cooke
The translation of science from research to real-world change is a central goal of public health. Communication has an essential role to play in provoking a response to climate change. It must first raise awar...
Authors: Anneliese Depoux, Mathieu Hémono, Sophie Puig-Malet, Romain Pédron and Antoine Flahault
Immunization should be considered a basic human right to health and well-being. It is everybody’s business, and it is everybody’s responsibility: the individual, the community, the health system and the state....
The demand for highly skilled public health personnel in low- and middle-income countries has been recognised globally. In South Africa, the need to train more public health professionals has been acknowledged...
Authors: Thembelihle Dlungwane, Anna Voce, Ruth Searle and Fred Stevens
With over 10,900 public health bachelor’s degree graduates conferred in 2015, public health undergraduate education in the USA has become mainstream. However, with the recent establishment of a majority of the...
Authors: Beth Resnick, Suzanne Selig and Richard Riegelman
Left undiagnosed and/or untreated, the short-and long-term sequelae of postpartum depression may negatively impact both mother and child. In Western countries, access to mental health care is influenced by soc...
Authors: Elinor Hansotte, Shirley I. Payne and Suzanne M. Babich
There is a global imperative to respond to the challenge of a growing ‘old-age dependency ratio’ by ensuring the workforce is healthy enough to remain in work for longer. Currently more than half of older work...
Authors: Clare Ellen Edge, Anna Mary Cooper and Margaret Coffey
The Epidemic Intelligence Service officers (EISOs) at the National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH)/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) respond to public health outbreaks, assist pub...
Authors: Yulia I. Carroll, Fauzia A. Rashid, Henry Falk and Meredith M. Howley
The consequences of climate change and the impacts of human activity on the environment have made it clearer than ever before that we must evolve our current model of public health to better account for the in...
Hispanics are the largest minority group in the USA. They contribute to the economy, cultural diversity, and health of the nation. Assessing their health status and health needs is key to inform health policy ...
Authors: Eduardo Velasco-Mondragon, Angela Jimenez, Anna G. Palladino-Davis, Dawn Davis and Jose A. Escamilla-Cejudo
Today’s substantial global health gains are being undermined by the threat of climate change. Ironically, the actions required to confront the climate crisis represent possibly the largest public health opport...
Rising CO2 in the atmosphere is the main cause of anthropogenic climate change, and the data shows a clear increase in global temperature of about 1 °C since pre-industrial levels. Changes in climate extremes are...
Changes in migration patterns that have occurred in recent decades, both quantitative, with an increase in the number of immigrants, and qualitative, due to different causes of migration (work, family reunific...
Authors: Antonio Sarría-Santamera, Ana Isabel Hijas-Gómez, Rocío Carmona and Luís Andrés Gimeno-Feliú
Drawing on the report of the Rockefeller Foundation-Lancet Commission on planetary health—Safeguarding human health in the Anthropocene epoch, this piece presents a discussion of the implications of the report...
Migrant and minority health has always been an issue of special concern in public health. While migration is not a new phenomenon, the number of refugees and migrants across the globe grew rapidly in 2015, wit...
Authors: Tina Bregant, Mariam Torosyan, Amanda Shriwise, Lukasz Balwicki and Ted Tulchinsky
Future Earth is an international research platform providing the knowledge and support to accelerate our transformations to a sustainable world. Future Earth 2025 Vision identified eight key focal challenges, ...
Authors: Paul Shrivastava, Kari Raivio, Fumiko Kasuga, Joshua Tewksbury, Andy Haines and Peter Daszak
Food production is a major driver of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and other environmental footprints, and dietary risk factors are contributors to non-communicable diseases. A growing body of evidence has sho...
Agriculture is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, an important part of which is associated to deforestation and indirect land use change. Appropriate and coherent food policies can play an import...
The world is undergoing a massive urban transition, which is now both the greatest driver of global environmental change and the most significant influence on human health. Cities offer real opportunities for ...
Global changes are major determinants for infectious diseases, although attributable, part of climate change remains debatable. Vector-borne diseases are prone to be impacted by global warming, although other ...
Authors: Antoine Flahault, Rafael Ruiz de Castaneda and Isabelle Bolon
Population aging and the associated changes in demographic structures and healthcare needs is a key challenge across Europe. Healthy aging strategies focus on ensuring the ability to maintain health, quality o...
Authors: Maria Kristiansen, Oliver Razum, Hürrem Tezcan-Güntekin and Allan Krasnik
International organizations have defined and managed different aspects of migrant health issues for decades, yet we lack a systematic understanding of how they reach decisions and what they do on the ground. T...
Authors: Alexander E. Kentikelenis and Amanda Shriwise
There are four key messages from health for climate negotiations. Two positive ones include (i) health as a motivator for action and policy and (ii) huge health co-benefits to be included in the cost-benefit t...
Lessons learned, opportunities, and barriers to scaling up health adaptation were identified from evaluation reports and other materials from three multinational health adaptation projects covering 14 low- and...
The right to health of migrant populations, whether they are foreign nationals, foreign workers, tourists, asylum seekers or refugees, is enshrined in international human rights treaties. The effectiveness of ...
Authors: Géraldine Marks-Sultan, Stefanie Kurt, Didier Leyvraz and Dominique Sprumont
Malnutrition remains a leading cause of death in children in low- and middle-income countries; this will be aggravated by climate change. Annually, 6.9 million deaths of children under 5 were attributable dire...
Authors: Raissa Sorgho, Jonas Franke, Seraphin Simboro, Revati Phalkey and Rainer Saeurborn
The report of the Rockefeller Foundation/Lancet Commission on Planetary Health described how human health directly depends upon the environment. It takes a broad perspective not only acknowledging climate chan...
Using a modified social ecological model, we conducted a review of the literature and nationwide statistics on African American health. We discuss the main social determinants of health and main health dispari...
Authors: Allan S. Noonan, Hector Eduardo Velasco-Mondragon and Fernando A. Wagner
Ethnic density (the proportion of ethnic minority populations in a geographic area) has emerged as an important factor determining population health. By examining the relationship between mortality rates and t...
Authors: Shao-Chiu Juan, Tamara Awerbuch-Friedlander and Richard Levins
Undocumented migrants (UMs) are at higher risk for health problems because of their irregular status and the consequences of economic and social marginalization. Moreover, the emergent reality of undocumented ...
Authors: Elisabetta De Vito, Chiara de Waure, Maria Lucia Specchia, Paolo Parente, Elena Azzolini, Emanuela Maria Frisicale, Marcella Favale, Adele Anna Teleman and Walter Ricciardi
Studies have shown that a high proportion of refugees have been subjected to potentially traumatic experiences (PTEs). PTEs, including torture, are powerful predictors of mental ill health. This paper reports ...
Authors: Erika Sigvardsdotter, Andreas Malm, Petter Tinghög, Marjan Vaez and Fredrik Saboonchi
This article probes into the health of migrants with a focus on the situation in the Nordic universal welfare states. The Nordic welfare states are further compared to each other with a comparison to the EU28 ...
Wellcome exists to improve health for everyone by helping great ideas to thrive. We are a global charitable foundation, both politically and financially independent. We support scientists and researchers take ...
Public health professionals have a responsibility to protect and promote the right to health amongst populations, especially vulnerable and disenfranchised groups, such as people seeking asylum and whose healt...
Authors: Jo Durham, Claire E. Brolan, Chi-Wai Lui and Maxine Whittaker
The concept of frailty as a health dimension in old age is recent and has its origin in the development of geriatric medicine. Initially an unformulated clinical intuition, it is now defined by a diminished ph...
Authors: Brigitte Santos-Eggimann and Nicolas Sirven
In France in 2012, of the total population of 65.2 million, 8.7 % were migrants. After being the third principal host country, France is now the 6th highest host country in the OECD. Since the 1980's numerous ...
Germany has experienced different forms of immigration for many decades. At the end of and after the Second World War, refugees, displaced persons and German resettlers constituted the largest immigrant group....
Immigrant and refugee populations bring public health challenges to host nations. In the current global refugee crisis, children are the most vulnerable subpopulation. Diseases that were considered rare in the...
Authors: Tom D. Thacher, Pawel Pludowski, Nick J. Shaw, M. Zulf Mughal, Craig F. Munns and Wolfgang Högler
In the Canadian context, the persistence and growth of Aboriginal health and social inequity signals that we are at a critical public health policy juncture; current policy reflects an historic relationship be...
Authors: Chantelle A. M. Richmond and Catherine Cook
The European response to the refugee crisis has been lamentable. A preoccupation with numbers has, too often, ignored how each refugee is an individual, many of whom have experienced the most appalling conditi...
Authors: Bayard Roberts, Adrianna Murphy and Martin McKee
Hypertension has been increasing in developing countries including Ethiopia. Other than smaller studies, there is no national prevalence study on hypertension in Ethiopia. These smaller studies reported varied...
Authors: Kelemu Tilahun Kibret and Yonatan Moges Mesfin
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), mainly heart attack and stroke, is the leading cause of premature mortality in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Identifying and managing individuals at high risk of CVD is...
Authors: Pascal Bovet, Arnaud Chiolero, Fred Paccaud and Nick Banatvala
Unlike opportunistic screening, population screening is accompanied by stringent quality control measures and careful programme monitoring. Sufficient evidence for benefit together with acceptable harms and co...
Overdiagnosis is the diagnosis of an abnormality that bears no substantial health hazard and no benefit for patients to be aware of. Resulting mainly from the use of increasingly sensitive screening and diagno...
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Individual detection and intervention on CVD risk factors and behaviors throughout childhood and adolescence has been advocated as a stra...
Authors: Clemens Bloetzer, Pascal Bovet, Joan-Carles Suris, Umberto Simeoni, Gilles Paradis and Arnaud Chiolero
